Drafting or technical drawing is the means by which mechanical engineers design products and create instructions for manufacturing
parts. A technical drawing can be a computer model or hand-drawn
schematic showing all the dimensions necessary to manufacture a part, as
well as assembly notes, a list of required materials, and other
pertinent information. A U.S. mechanical engineer or skilled worker who
creates technical drawings may be referred to as a drafter or draftsman.
Drafting has historically been a two-dimensional process, but computer-aided design (CAD) programs now allow the designer to create in three dimensions.
Instructions for manufacturing a part must be fed to the necessary
machinery, either manually, through programmed instructions, or through
the use of a computer-aided manufacturing
(CAM) or combined CAD/CAM program.
Optionally, an engineer may also
manually manufacture a part using the technical drawings, but this is
becoming an increasing rarity, with the advent of computer numerically controlled (CNC) manufacturing. Engineers primarily manually manufacture parts in the areas of applied spray coatings, finishes, and other processes that cannot economically or practically be done by a machine.
Drafting is used in nearly every subdiscipline of mechanical
engineering, and by many other branches of engineering and architecture.
Three-dimensional models created using CAD software are also commonly
used in finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
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